The seven sisters were oil. New York: Viking Press, 1975.

The seven sisters were oil. [4] All seven sisters were represented, as were the leading independents, CFP, theJapanese Arabian Oil Company, the Belgium Petrofina and the German Elverath. May 1, 2017 · The first occurred when Venezuela and the Arab crude oil exporting countries forced the so-called Seven Sisters to sign the Fifty–Fifty profit-sharing agreements. After World War II, business Big Oil is a name sometimes used to describe the world's six or seven largest publicly traded and investor-owned oil and gas companies, also known as supermajors. Energy and Capital editor Keith Kohl takes a look at why the world's largest oil and gas companies aren't ready for 21st-century oil. Alluding to the seven mythological Pleiades sisters fathered by the titan Atlas, the business usage was popularized in the 1950s by businessman Enrico Mattei, then-head of the Italian state oil The history of oil and its geopolitical implications is explored from the discovery in 1859 to the modern era, focusing on the influence of prominent oil cartels, notably the Seven Sisters and later OPEC. The Seven Sisters / Big Oil - seavoyage. These companies formed an oligopoly that significantly influenced world oil production, pricing, and distribution during this period. An account of the men and events behind the rise of the world's largest oil companies, thei… All seven sisters were represented, as were the leading independents, CFP, theJapanese Arabian Oil Company, the Belgium Petrofina and the German Elverath. Oct 7, 2019 · The Seven Sisters (oil companies) is a classification named by the Enrico Mattei who is an Italian politician for the seven giant oil companies that managed the oil industry worldwide until the 1970s. New York: Viking Press, 1975. When oil consumption really began to take off in the mid-1950s, these companies controlled almost 90 per cent of production and 90 per cent of sales in the western world outside the USA. Seven Sisters (oil Companies) The " Seven Sisters " was a term coined in the 1950s by businessman Enrico Mattei, then-head of the Italian state oil company Eni, to describe the seven oil companies which formed the "Consortium for Iran" cartel and dominated the global petroleum industry from the mid-1940s to the 1970s. The ‘seven sisters’ comprises Anglo-Persian Oil Company (now BP); Gulf Oil, Standard Oil of California (SoCal) and Texaco (now Chevron); Royal Dutch Shell; Standard Oil of New Jersey (Esso) and Standard Oil Company of New York (Socony Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Click on the Bloomberg terminal screen to view data in the GLCO function. Jul 1, 2022 · The seven sisters : the great oil companies and the world they made by Sampson, Anthony, 1926-2004 Publication date 1975 Topics Petroleum industry and trade -- History Publisher London : Hodder and Stoughton Collection internetarchivebooks; inlibrary; printdisabled Contributor Internet Archive Language English Item Size 1. " 6 Mar 6, 2012 · The seven sisters : the great oil companies and the world they made by Sampson, Anthony Publication date 1975 Topics Petroleum industry and trade -- History Publisher New York : Viking Press Collection internetarchivebooks; printdisabled; inlibrary Contributor Internet Archive Language English Item Size 539. However, in recent decades the dominance of the Seven Sisters and their successor companies has been challenged by the following trends: the increasing influence of the OPEC cartel (formed in Feb 5, 2024 · The Seven Sisters were independently owned companies that dominated the sale and distribution of oil. Oct 29, 2000 · The energy transition intersects with the oil and gas industry at many points, from biofuels and carbon capture and sequestration to hydrogen and alternative ways of powering operations. Aug 26, 2024 · The Middle East, rich in oil, became a prime target for the Seven Sisters. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 334. Some descendants of Standard Oil were also given exclusive rights to the Standard Oil name. The first occurred when Venezuela and the Arab crude oil exporting countries forced the so-called Seven Sisters to sign the Fifty–Fifty pro t-sharing agreements. They were originally thought to be primarily Arabian in ownership May 29, 2020 · "Seven Sisters" was a common term for the seven multinational oil companies of the "Consortium for Iran" cartel, which dominated the global petroleum industry from the mid-1940s to the mid-1970s. The second occurred after OPEC succeeded in cracking the secrets of the international crude oil marketing and in undertaking the wave of nationalizations of the 1970s. Apr 16, 2013 · Episode 2 – The Black El Dorado At the end of the 1960s, the Seven Sisters, the major oil companies, controlled 85 percent of the world’s oil reserves. They have supported monarchies in Iran and Saudi Arabia, opposed the creation After World War II, the United States backed multinational private oil companies known as the “Seven Sisters”—five American companies (including Standard Oil of New Jersey and Texaco), one British (British Petroleum), and one Anglo-Dutch (Shell)—in their efforts to control Middle East oil and feed rising demand for oil products in the West. Oct 14, 2020 · During the first half of the 20th century, these Seven companies controlled nearly 90% of the world’s oil reserves, but times have changed. [5] Five of the companies were American (Chevron, Exxon, Gulf, Mobil, and Texaco), one was British (BP), and one was Anglo-Dutch (Royal Dutch Shell). , and Shell: five huge American companies, one British company, and one Anglo-Dutch concern have dominated the world of oil - as oil has dominated all of us - for most of the century since the first Pennsylvania strike. joining the cartel, the Big Five transformed into the Big Seven, marking the onset of the era known as the Seven Sisters, referring to the seven major Jun 5, 2025 · In 1909, anti-trust laws forced Standard Oil into 34 different companies, but by the 1940s three of them, along with four other international companies, grew to dominate the market and were nicknamed the "Seven Sisters. (Several of these companies were considered among the Seven Sisters who dominated the industry worldwide for much of the 20th century. The four part series retraces a century of oil history in the light of this Mar 12, 2007 · When an angry Enrico Mattei coined the phrase “the seven sisters” to describe the Anglo-Saxon companies that controlled the Middle East’s oil after the second world war, the founder of Italy Apr 19, 2013 · A four-part series that reveals how a secret pact formed a cartel that controls the world’s oil. 04 217 ratings21 reviews Sep 6, 2023 · The oil industry has changed drastically since these sisters created their cartel but their impact still lingers. The company names of seven sisters are; Anglo-Persian Oil Company worked between 1908-1954 after that they became BP, Gulf Oil run within these years 1901-1985 after this year purchased by Oct 19, 1975 · It was the Sisters who were made to enforce the oil embargo against their home countries, and the price rises that so outraged these countries made loveiy reading for Sister stockholders. Apr 19, 2013 · At the end of the 1960s, the Seven Sisters, the major oil companies, controlled 85 percent of the world's oil reserves. -- J. ” It was created in 1960, a year after the “Seven Sisters” multinational oil companies unilaterally reduced their posted prices for The Seven Sisters: Great Oil Companies and the World They Made Hardcover – 1 September 1975 by Anthony Sampson (Author) 4. How did this largest and most critical of the world's industries come under the control of these seven giants Several of these companies were considered among the Seven Sisters who dominated the industry worldwide for much of the 20th century, and both Standard Oil's direct and indirect descendants make up Big Oil. Below, we break-down how the Seven Sisters evolved over time and where the companies are today: This paper gives a brief explanation of tensions between OPEC and the Seven Sisters. Today, they control just 10 percent. The Seven Sisters included Standard Oil of New Jersey, Royal Dutch Shell, Anglo Persian Oil Company, Standard Oil of New York, Standard Oil of California, Gulf Oil and Texaco. ) They include: Standard Oil of New Jersey (SONJ) - or Esso (S. The expression "Seven Sisters" was coined by the head of the Italian state oil company (Eni), Enrico Mattei, [22]. 6 70 ratings Books The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and the World They Shaped Anthony Sampson Bantam Books, 1976 - Oil industries - 395 pages Successor Companies The successor companies from Standard Oil's breakup form the core of today's US oil industry. With their dominance of oil production, refinement and distribution, they were able to take advantage of the rapidly increasing demand for oil and turn immense profits. ) – renamed Exxon, now part of ExxonMobil. In the first episode, we travel across the Middle East, through both time and space. Sep 6, 2015 · "In contrast, the old seven sisters, which shrank to four in the industry consolidation of the 1990s, produce about 10% of the world’s oil and gas, and hold just 3% of reserves," FT wrote. Chevron, Exxon, Shell, and BP b. OPEC and the "Seven Sisters" The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) includes: Iran, Iraq, Venezuela, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Indonesia, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. [1] Mar 11, 2007 · The demise of The Seven Sisters began in 1960 and continued further through the 1970s, when its power and influence had greatly decreased. Between the 1920 and the early 1970s, there were two markets: the US and the non-US. The two sides were again heading for confrontation: the pace was quickening, and the more radical members of OPEC were determined not to be outdone. What are the Seven Sisters Oil Companies? Mar 7, 2023 · the seven sisters: the great oil companies and the world they shaped by anthony sampson Publication date 1975 Collection internetarchivebooks; inlibrary; printdisabled Contributor Internet Archive Language English Item Size 1. Preceding the 1973 oil crisis, the Seven Sisters controlled around 85% of the world's petroleum reserves. Sep 14, 2022 · An account of the men and events behind the rise of the world's largest oil companies, their domination of the world petroleum industry, and their current Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré of France, however, brushed aside any such suggestions, since he was determined to create an independent French oil company that could compete with major British and American oil companies, which became known collectively as the seven sisters. New hunting grounds are therefore required, and the Sisters have turned their gaze towards Africa. 2017 Elsevier B. In the US, crude oil prices were set in free markets. Armen A. Squabbling Sisters: Multinational Companies and Middle East Oil Prices This article examines the historical emergence of the Middle East oil-pricing system. Apr 26, 2013 · The Seven Sisters were always present, and almost always came out on top. Between 1960 and Lawrence J. The Secret of the Seven Sisters is a four-part series examining the rise of a powerful cartel of seven companies that control the world’s oil supply. Being well-organized and able to negotiate as a cartel, the Seven Sisters were initially able to exert considerable power over Third World oil producers. 6 81 ratings Mar 28, 2013 · Seven Sisters will explore the history of oil cartels whose members reserved the right to share out the oil market. [23][24] The Seven Sisters were: Anglo-Persian Oil Company (BP) Gulf Oil (Chevron) Shell Because they were well-funded and -organized and operated effectively as an economic cartel, these Seven Sisters managed to exercise great power over the resources, markets, and politics of the Third World oil producers. 6 81 ratings See all formats and editions This week we have jumped into the crazy world that is big oil and tried to understand how prices are established. [5][6][7][8][full citation needed] The term, particularly in the United States, emphasizes their economic power and influence on politics. 0M Includes bibliographical references and index Oct 5, 2014 · Secret of the Seven Sisters. Mattei used this phrase disparagingly, which he coined in order to refer to the seven Anglo-American oil companies that had formed the “Consortium for Iran” cartel. mareeg 2 Comments on "The Secret of the Seven Jan 1, 1975 · The seven sisters: The great oil companies and the world they made Hardcover – January 1, 1975 by Anthony Sampson (Author) 4. ” It was created in 1960, a year after the “Seven Sisters” multinational oil companies unilaterally reduced their posted prices for Mar 10, 2025 · The Seven Sisters, consisting of BP, Shell, Exxon, Mobil, Gulf, Texaco and Chevron, were giant integrated oil companies that dominated the international oil industry from the 1940s to the early Jun 5, 2012 · The seven sisters : the great oil companies and the world they shaped by Sampson, Anthony Publication date 1976 Topics Petroleum industry and trade Publisher New York : Bantam Books Collection internetarchivebooks; inlibrary; printdisabled Contributor Internet Archive Language English Item Size 765. As covered in The Prize, in the 1 9 5 0 s, the main international oil companies, known collectively as the 'seven sisters', were overshadowed by the rise of NOCs controlled the vast majority of global reserves lacked the technical expertise to broaden their reach The Seven Sisters The Great Oil Companies and the World They Made by Anthony Sampson 13 The Reckoning It is time we began the process of demystifying the inner sanctum of this most secret of industries. Through the Red Line Agreement, brokered by Armenian oil magnate Calouste Gulbenkian, these companies carved up the region like a colonial pie. May 9, 2020 · The Original SEVEN SISTERS Before there was OPEC, there were the SEVEN SISTERS. Seven huge companies which have dominated the world of oil - and all our lives - since Rockerfeller's first gigantic oil monopoly. [3] After a second consecutive cut in the oil price the Arab countries got together and decided to find some way to ensure the price would not fall further and that they could make their oil more profitable for their respective nations. Outside the US, major oil producers had greater influence on production, which affects supply. Mar 11, 2007 · Coined by an angry Enrico Mattei, founder of Italy’s energy group Eni, after World War II, the “Seven Sisters” were: Standard Oil of New Jersey, Royal Dutch Shell, Anglo Persian Oil Company The Seven Sisters was a term that Italian businessman Enrico Mattei coined to refer to major oil corporations in the early 1950s. These firms and their governments held the pre-OPEC order together by using both the threat of punishments (quasi-imperial power) and strategic benefits (market incentives). The sec-fi ond occurredafterOPECsucceededincrackingthe secrets ofthe internationalcrude oil marketing and inunder-taking the wave of nationalizations of the 1970s. Yet the power of these seven original oil behemoths became challenged by the rise of OPEC, which was established in 1960. The series of energy crises in the West in the seventies caused a radical shift of power towards the Arab and Iranian producers: but into whose hands will control of oil fall, or should it fall, in the future? As a result, the world's oil was largely in the hands of seven corporations based in the United States and Europe, often called the Seven Sisters. The Seven Sisters was a term coined in the 1950s to describe the seven dominant oil companies that controlled the global petroleum industry from the mid-1940s to the 1970s. Jan 1, 1975 · The Seven Sisters: The great oil companies & the world they shaped Anthony Sampson 4. The Seven Sisters, a consortium of seven world’s largest multi-national oil companies, was formed in the 1950s. In 1924, the Compagnie Française des Pétroles (CFP) - which much later down the line became Total - joined the seven. Oct 6, 2024 · Seven sisters oil companies " Seven Sisters " was a term coined in the 1950s by businessman Enrico Mattei, then-head of the Italian state oil company Eni, to describe the seven oil companies which formed the "Consortium for Iran" cartel and dominated the global petroleum industry from the mid-1940s to the 1970s. White; The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and the World They Shaped, by Anthony Sampson, Political Science Quarterly, Volume 91, Issue May 11, 2010 · The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and the World They Shaped. Standard Trust companies Carter Oil "Seven Sisters" was a term coined in the 1950s by businessman Enrico Mattei, then-head of the Italian state oil company Eni, to describe the seven oil companies which formed the "Consortium for So even though in 1953 the British and American governments were behind the overthrow of elected Iranian leader and his replacement by the Shah, the Seven sisters did not want oil to flow from Iran at the time because of fear of an oil glut depressing prices. They became… Seven of the Standard Oil spin-offs continued to have such a strong presence that they were dubbed the “Seven Sisters” and would go on to be the foundation for today’s oil industry. Government of Standard Oil, along with four other major oil companies. S. 5M Big Oil, various lists of seven companies said to dominate the oil industry at various times Seven Sisters (colleges), the name given to seven US liberal arts colleges that are historically women's colleges Seven Sisters (law firms), seven Canadian law firms Apr 20, 2023 · Seven oil companies dominated the world stage and were known as the “Seven Sisters”: Exxon, Mobil, Socal, Texaco, Gulf, BP, and Shell. Between 1960 and 1966 their share of oil production outside North America and the Communist countries, had actually gone up from 72 to 76 percent, leaving only 24 percent for all other companies. Oct 21, 2021 · It explains how the Anglo-American oil companies known as the Seven Sisters lost control of the world’s oil production. . Sep 9, 2022 · Seven Sisters Oil Companies is a phrase that was made famous by Italian state oil Company ENI Chief and Italian businessmen Enrico Mattei back in the 1950s. V. The collapse of the Gulf-plus system, combined with outstanding discoveries of new reservoirs across the Arabian Peninsula and Persia, awoke latent compet-itive forces within the oligopolistic oil industry. The story of oil The story of oil a Al Jazeera documentary about the history of oil cartels and how geo-political relations are dominated by oil The story of oil: Desert Storms The first part of a four-part series that reveals how a secret pact formed a cartel that controls the world’s oil. Avakian is the Co-Founder & CBDO at Hexact, Inc. The Seven Sisters consisted of three companies formed by the breakup by the U. 2G Key Points Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an oil cartel, mostly made up of Middle Eastern nations, that aims “to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its member countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets. O. Oct 29, 2024 · The Seven Sisters were a group of seven major oil companies that dominated the global oil industry in the mid-20th century. The main focus of this paper is to explain changes in the price of crude oil that resulted from this tension. The Iraq Petroleum Company, formed under this agreement, was emblematic of the broader imperialistic agenda. E. Dec 6, 2023 · Consequently, with SOCAL and The Texas Co. What are the Seven Sisters or Seven Big companies? The seven sisters are four Americans and three Europeans that created an oil company. 6 81 ratings See all formats and editions Many of these companies later became part of the Seven Sisters, which dominated global petroleum production in the 20th century, and became a majority of today's largest investor-owned oil companies, with most tracing their roots back to Standard Oil. Sep 28, 2023 · The Seven Sisters were born between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Jan 1, 1975 · Read 21 reviews from the world’s largest community for readers. Oct 19, 2021 · Price setting The Seven Sisters established a system to ascertain the pricing of crude oil. Sep 11, 1978 · A few years ago, such Ethel Mermanesque exuberance would have sounded strange coming from the chief of one of world oil’s fabled Seven Sisters—Exxon, Shell, Mobil, Texaco, British Petroleum Aug 10, 2015 · Mainly state-owned, the new Seven Sisters control a third of the world’s oil and gas production, and more than a third of the world’s reserves. Oct 27, 1975 · The Seven Sisters: The great oil companies & the world they shaped Hardcover – October 27, 1975 by Anthony Sampson (Author) 4. The paper examines significant events, including the Gulf War and the strategic shifts in oil control, highlighting the intertwined fates of nations and corporations in the global oil landscape. Hartshorn, 1962 By the end of the 'sixties, in spite of the opposition of OPEC and the competition from intruders, the seven sisters were still the dominant powers in world oil. They were politically influential; they were able to exert considerable power over Third World oil producers. With annual sales in the billions of dollars, the so-called "seven sisters" have consistently ranked among the largest industrial companies in the world. ExxonMobil, Total, Chevron, and ConocoPhillips c. (See Edith Penrose: The International Following publication of her report, the Standard Oil Company was forced to break up into separate state companies — the “ Seven Sisters ” — each with its own board of directors. The old Seven Sisters, by comparison, produce a tenth of the world’s oil, and control only three percent of the reserves. Throughout the region’s modern history, since the discovery of oil, the The seven sisters and others met in London to decide on common tactics, renewing their agreement to share out their oil if one company was singled out. At the end of the 1960s, the Seven Sisters, the major oil companies, controlled 85 percent of the world’s oil reserves. Mar 12, 2007 · Coined by an angry Enrico Mattei, founder of Italy’s energy group Eni, after World War II, the “Seven Sisters” were: Standard Oil of New Jersey, Royal Dutch Shell, Anglo Persian Oil Company, Standard Oil of New York, Standard Oil of California, Gulf Oil and Texaco. Saudi Aramco, Gazprom, ExxonMobil, and PetroChina The Seven Sisters The history of the supermajors traces back to the Seven Sisters, the seven oil companies which formed the Consortium of Iran cartel and dominated the global petroleum industry from the mid-1940s to the 1970s. Which metal had the highest price movement?, Futures markets were developed to, A futures contract is and more. The balance has shifted. In 1960 oil-producing states in Latin America Dec 1, 2016 · However, the producing nations grew dissatisfied with the share of oil receipts that they received from the Seven Sisters, as the terms of the concessions were favorable for the western firms (Libecap and Smith, 2004, Adelman, 1997). 5M The discovery of oil had caused the same schizophrenia in British governments as had afflicted Washington since the first imports of oil after the Second World War. Question: In the 1950s, the main international oil companies, known collectively as the 'seven sisters! O were overshadowed by the rise of NOCs controlled the vast majority of global reserves o lacked the technical expertise to broaden their reach o were fighting off the rise of smaller, more specialized technical firms that were partnering When was it created and who were the original members of OPEC? where 4 Middle Eastern ministers and one South American minister. 1G Jan 10, 2022 · The remaining Seven Sisters were Anglo-Dutch Shell, British Petroleum (BP) and America’s Texaco. Were they defending the companies against foreign demands, or defending, themselves against the companies? Was it the government or the oil companies which were in control? Since the 1940s, major oil companies within the United States and the United Kingdom have compromised a significant portion of the world’s petroleum production and were referred to as the “ Seven Sisters ” which included the companies of Exxon, Mobil, Chevron, Texaco, Shell, Gulf Oil, and British Petroleum, several of which have since merged. Their influence extended beyond economic realms, shaping geopolitical strategies and global economic policies. Short histories of each of Seven Sisters are located in chapters three and four. com Jun 14, 2024 · In summary, the Seven Sisters were a powerful oligopoly that controlled global oil production and pricing for much of the 20th century. By watching this series, you can learn about how they operated and get insight into why they were able to remain so successful even as time moved on. BP, Royal Dutch Shell, Chevron, and Mobil d. The first dominant company was John Davison Rockefeller’s American Standard Oil as the largest crude oil refiner on the planet thanks to the fact that it annihilated national competition and bribed judges and governors. The Seven Sisters The Great Oil Companies and the World They Made by Anthony Sampson 9 Sisters Under Stress If this international institution did not exist it would be necessary to invent one. Key Points Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an oil cartel, mostly made up of Middle Eastern nations, that aims “to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its member countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets. Apr 22, 2019 · This work explores how seven companies came to dominate the oil industry and how the oil-producing countries later responded with the creation of OPEC. Pp. P. Throughout the region’s modern history, since the discovery of oil, the Seven Sisters have sought to control the balance of power. The history of the supermajors traces back to the seven oil companies which formed the "Consortium for Iran" cartel and dominated the global petroleum industry from the mid-1940s to the 1970s. There were originally seven companies, but they merged into foura. The group comprised Anglo-Persian Oil Company (now BP); Gulf Oil, Standard The Seven Sisters were the largest oil companies of the time: Esso, Mobil, Standard, Gulf, Texaco, BP and CFP. Seven Sisters The “Seven Sisters”, the seven oil companies that formed the “Iran Consortium” cartel from the mid-1940s to the 1970s and dominated the global oil industry, were: Anglo-Persian Oil Company (now BP); Gulf Oil, Standard Oil of California (Socal) and Texaco (now Chevron); Royal Dutch Shell Standard Oil of New Jersey (Esso) and Standard Oil Company of New York (Socony) (now May 1, 1991 · The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and The World They Shaped Mass Market Paperback – May 1, 1991 by Anthony Sampson (Author) 4. By the end of the 'sixties, in spite of the opposition of OPEC and the competition from intruders, the seven sisters were still the dominant powers in world oil. Here are the original members of the Seven Sisters: Anglo-Persian Oil Company (now BP) Royal Dutch Shell Gulf Oil (Acquired by Chevron in 1985) Standard… Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What were the seven sisters and what were their significance?, Who was Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Yamani ?, What energy source did Japan switch from and to that helped it become an economic powerhouse after WWII? and more. The immediate problem was the anti-trust laws, on which McCloy was expert, and he was soon able to show his influence. By Anthony Sampson. The group was created on September 14, 1960, for the purpose of setting oil prices by controlling oil production. How did this largest and most critical of the world's industries come under the control of these seven giants, and what will The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and the World They Made, The New Oil Stakes, Oil and Politics, Oil: A Plain Man's Guide to the World's Energy Crisis and The Oil Security System: An Import Strategy for Achieving Oil Security and Reducing Oil Prices Get access Jul 6, 2010 · The seven sisters : the great oil companies and the world they shaped by Sampson, Anthony Publication date 1980 Topics Petroleum industry and trade Publisher Toronto, New York : Bantam Books Collection internetarchivebooks; inlibrary; printdisabled Contributor Internet Archive Language English Item Size 798. Big Oil is often associated with the fossil fuels lobby and also used to refer to the industry Exxon, Gulf, Texaco, Mobil, Socal, British Petroleum, and Royal Dutch Shell: five huge American companies, one British company, and one Anglo-Dutch concern have dominated the world of oil - as oil has dominated all of us - for most of the century since the first Pennsylvania strike. This name included the American companies Standard Oil of New Jersey – renamed Exxon -, Standard Oil of New York – Mobil -, Standard Oil of California – Chevron -, Gulf Oil Corporation and Texaco; to the Anglo-Dutch Royal Dutch Shell, and to the British Anglo Seven large, vertically integrated oil companies dominated the world oil industry from the 1920s to the 1970s. Summary: Exxon, Gulf, Texaco, Mobil, Socal, B. -- Senator Church, December 1973 AS SOON as the embargo began, in October 1973, the seven sisters were compelled, at the risk of forfeiting their concessions, to be the instruments of the world Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The Seven Sisters, OPEC, Swing Producer and more.